@article{MAKHILLRJMS20159311988,
    title = {Effectiveness of Natural Membrane as a Scaffold on Chondrocyte Phenotype},
    journal = {Research Journal of Medical Sciences},
    volume = {9},
    number = {3},
    pages = {133-138},
    year = {2015},
    issn = {1815-9346},
    doi = {rjmsci.2015.133.138},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-9346&doi=rjmsci.2015.133.138},
    author = {Hajar,Zeinab Salehi,Jafar Soleimani,Leila and},
    keywords = {Amniotic membrane,cartilage,chondrocyte,extracellular matrix,scaffold,tissue engineering},
    abstract = {Tissue engineering is a new approach to repair cartilage lesions. Autologous Chondrocyte
Transplantation (ACT) is one of the tissue engineering methods with some limitations due to expanding of
chondrocytes in monolayer culture. Culturing of chondrocytes in scaffold preserves chondrocyte morphology.
Extracellular matrix of natural tissues is more applicable to synthetic type of scaffolds in clinic. Therefore, in this
study, the amniotic membranes are used as a natural scaffold. In the case of formation cartilage tissue, natural
scaffold may be free of problems compared to other synthetic available scaffolds for clinical applications.
Samples of human articular cartilage tissue were obtained by surgery. After enzymatic removal, chondrocytes
were cultured for proliferation. For tissue formation, chondrocytes were cultured between layers of amniotic
membranes for 21 days and examined histologically with H&E, toluidine blue and immunohistochemical
staining. The construed tissues in experimental groups were compared with tissues composed of merely
chondrocytes and membranes as a control group. Our histologic evaluation of constructs showed that
tissue formation has been occurred. Proteoglycan production was observed in cell micromass cultures
and cell-scaffold constructs. Immunostaining Method revealed the ECM of cell micromass cultures contains
higher collagen type I than higher collagen type II. In cell-scaffold constructs the expression of collagen type
I extensively decreased and in this cultures collagen collagen type II expressed more than cell micromass
cultures. The current study indicates that application of natural scaffold improves chondrocyte phenotype by
maintaining collagen type II expression and inhibiting collagen type I.}
    }