@article{MAKHILLRJMS202216431877,
    title = {Evaluation of Hepatobiliary Disorders Using Ultrasonography and Correlation with Other Imaging Modalities},
    journal = {Research Journal of Medical Sciences},
    volume = {16},
    number = {4},
    pages = {131-137},
    year = {2022},
    issn = {1815-9346},
    doi = {makrjms.2022.131.137},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-9346&doi=makrjms.2022.131.137},
    author = {Kiran and},
    keywords = {Ultrasonography, Computed Tomography, Gallstones, Cholecystitis, Hepatobiliary Disorders, Diagnostic Accuracy},
    abstract = {Hepatobiliary disorders, including gallstones, cholecystitis,
choledocholithiasis, and hepatic lesions, represent a major cause of
morbidity. Early diagnosis is essential for optimal management.
Ultrasonography (US) remains the primary imaging modality due to its
safety, accessibility, and cost‐effectiveness, while computed tomography
(CT) serves as a complementary tool for assessing disease extent and
complications. The present study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of US
in comparison with CT for hepatobiliary disorders. Aim of the study was
to assess the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and agreement
of ultrasonography in evaluating hepatobiliary disorders using CT as the
reference standard, and to determine its reliability as a first‐line imaging
modality. A prospective observational study was conducted in the
Department of Radiology, including 75 patients with suspected
hepatobiliary disease. All underwent abdominal ultrasonography using
high‐resolution probes (1‐5 MHz curvilinear, 5‐12 MHz linear). Gallbladder
wall thickness, stone size and mobility, common bile duct diameter,
intrahepatic ductal dilatation, liver echotexture, and focal lesions were
assessed. CT abdomen with contrast (triple‐phase protocol) was
performed in selected cases for confirmation. Data were analyzed using
SPSS version 26. Diagnostic indices were calculated, and agreement
between modalities was assessed using Cohen’s kappa (κ) statistics. US
demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy: gallstones (96%), acute
cholecystitis (92%), CBD stones (92%), biliary dilatation (94%), liver
parenchymal disease (91.6%), and focal hepatic lesions (90.6%). Cohen’s
κ values indicated almost perfect agreement for gallstones (0.91), acute
cholecystitis (0.85), and biliary dilatation (0.82), and substantial
agreement for other conditions (κ = 0.73–0.78; p < 0.001).
Ultrasonography provides a reliable, accurate, and noninvasive
diagnostic approach for hepatobiliary diseases, demonstrating strong
concordance with CT findings. While CT adds value in assessing lesion
extent and complications, US remains the preferred initial imaging
modality for evaluating hepatobiliary pathology, ensuring accurate
diagnosis with minimal radiation exposure.}
    }