@article{MAKHILLRJAS2013819259,
    title = {The Impact of Climatic Change on Nigerian Landcover During the El-Nino Southern Oscillations (ENSO), Event of 1997 to 1998},
    journal = {Research Journal of Applied Sciences},
    volume = {8},
    number = {1},
    pages = {33-41},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1815-932x},
    doi = {rjasci.2013.33.41},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-932x&doi=rjasci.2013.33.41},
    author = {S.A. and},
    keywords = {Environment,climatic impact,ENSO,AVHRR-NDVI,NOAA,sea surface temperature,PCA},
    abstract = {Seventytwo dekadal NDVI dataset derived from Advanced Very 
  High Resolution Radiometer-Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (AVHRR-NDVI) 
  on board the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration-National Aeronautics 
  Space Administration (NOAA-NASA) meteorological satellites were recomposed into 
  a 24 time-series monthly Maximum Value Composite (MVC) images covering the El-Nino 
  Southern Oscillations (ENSO) event of 1997 to 1998 and analysed within a Geographical 
  Information System (GIS) environment using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 
  with the standardised principal components and supplemented with coefficient 
  of variation derived images. The purpose is to assess the impact of such event 
  on landcover across Nigeria and in particular, vegetation patterns across the 
  country. Results from this analysis produced 24 standardised principal component 
  imageries with another corresponding 24 individual loading scores presented 
  in graphs. Others include inter-seasonal coefficient of variation change images 
  for 1997 and 1998 as well as an annual mean NDVI image of the total 24 time-series 
  dataset; temporal profiles of sites observed with distinct changes and a coefficient 
  of variation graph through the monthly time-series were presented. The resultant 
  component one image shows an overall 96.5% of the variation in the total time-series 
  dataset while the succeeding imageries illustrated change elements in the order 
  of the component loadings (which are weighted). In comparison with the mean 
  imagery of the total 24 time-series dataset, the first component image showed 
  a considerable similarity indicating a typical characteristic of landcover (particularly 
  vegetation NDVI) pattern over the whole country during the 1997 to 1998 ENSO 
  event with positive and negative anomalies in certain locations across some 
  states but more distinct in locations around the Kainji and Lake Chad basins, 
  Niger delta area, Bayelsa, Lagos, Taraba, Plateau, Jigawa, Katsina, Sokoto, 
  Zamfara Adamawa, Yobe and Borno states. Thus, results from this study highlighted 
  specific locations across the country with anomalies of climatic impact as a 
  result of the 1997 to 1998 ENSO event.}
    }