@article{MAKHILLRJAS2008328905,
    title = {Composition of the Water Soluble Fraction (WSF) of Amukpe Well-Head Crude Oil Before and after Exposure to <I>Pistia stratiotes</I> L.},
    journal = {Research Journal of Applied Sciences},
    volume = {3},
    number = {2},
    pages = {143-146},
    year = {2008},
    issn = {1815-932x},
    doi = {rjasci.2008.143.146},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-932x&doi=rjasci.2008.143.146},
    author = {E. Edema Noyo and},
    keywords = {Pistia stratiotes,water soluble fraction,crude oil,Amukpe well-head,composition},
    abstract = {The composition of the water soluble fraction of Amukpe well-head sample of crude oil before and after exposure to <I>Pistia stratiotes</I> was investigated. Ionic contents, heavy metals and physical characteristics were determined before and after exposure. The <I>Pistia </I>sp. was exposed to (full-strength), 100, 50 and 25%, WSF water (control, %WSF) for 5 days. The composition of the WSF changed during the experimental period. The following ionic components of WSF increased in concentration (Cl<SUP>-</SUP>, NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB><SUP>2-</SUP>, Na<SUP>+</SUP>, K<SUP>+</SUP> and Ca<SUP>++</SUP>), heavy metals (Mn and Zn) and physical characteristics (TDS and EC). Heavy metals (Cu on the other hand and Fe) ions (Mg<SUP>2+</SUP> and Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>) and physical characteristics (pH) were found to decrease after exposure to the <I>Pisita</I>. The statistical analysis showed significant difference between control and WSF treatments.}
    }