@article{MAKHILLRJBS201914211504,
    title = {Study of the Effect of <i>A. graveolens</i> Seeds Ethanolic Extract on the Histological Structure of Some Organs of the Reproductive
System in Male Experimental Rats},
    journal = {Research Journal of Biological Sciences},
    volume = {14},
    number = {2},
    pages = {15-35},
    year = {2019},
    issn = {1815-8846},
    doi = {rjbsci.2019.15.35},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-8846&doi=rjbsci.2019.15.35},
    author = {Kaml},
    keywords = {A. graveolens seed,fertility,toxicity,somniferous tubules,histological examination,proximal},
    abstract = {Medicinal plants have been widely used to enhance or regulate fertility in males. The purpose of our
study is to evaluate the effects of methanol extract derived of celery (<i>Apium graveolens</i> L.) on the histological
structure of some organs of the reproductive system in male experimental rats. This study was conducted on
eighty experimental male rats (Sprague Dawely strain) weighing about 220 g each were used throughout the
study and randomly assigned to four experimental groups of 20 rats each. Group I received normal
saline (0.5 mL/kg) and serves as control. Group II is the vehicle groups. Group III and IV-gavaged daily for
30 days with 1 mL of the ethanol extract at doses of 213 mg/kg and 425 mg/kg body wt. After 30 days of
treatments, under light ether anesthesia 24 h after the last treatment all rats were sacrificed and some organs
as seminiferous tubules, tests, liver and kidney surgically removed weighed and a part of each was fixed in 10%
formaldehyde for histological processes. The results of the effect of <i>A. graveolens</i> seeds ethanolic extract on
diameter of seminiferous tubules showed that the treated groups showed a remarkable decrease in the diameter
of seminiferous tubules in compression with control and vehicle groups. Light microscopic examination of
hematoxylin and eosin stained sections of control and vehicle groups showed that the testicular tissues have
many seminiferous tubules showing germinal epithelium with normal spermatogenesis process occur. The
treated groups (213 mg/kg) showed complete loss of germinal cells in addition to reduction of the
spermatogenesis process compared to the control group while at 425 mg/kg dose level sections showed
complete loss of germinal cells and severely damage in the seminiferous tubules. However, results of the effect
of <i>A. graveolens</i> seeds ethanolic extract on percentage of normal and abnormal seminiferous tubules are
presented in a marked decrease in the percentage of normal seminiferous tubules appeared in both treated
groups from 11 and 20% for 425 and 213 mg/kg, respectively, compared to the control group 57% and vehicle
group 54%. Moreover, the abnormal tubules in both treated groups increased compared to the control and
vehicle groups. Examination of histological sections through the liver of the control and vehicle groups showed
normal hepatocytes that were arranged into hepatic plates; also both treated groups do not show any change.
Histological examination of the cortex region of the kidney of the control and vehicle groups showed normal
intact glomeruli and both proximal and distal tubules. Moreover, the treated groups at two dose level do not
show any change. From the present study we conclude that the ethanolic extract of <i>A. graveolens</i> seed may act
as antifertility agent. This is supported by the results that showed a decrease in the fertility parameters (sperm
motility and sperm count), testosterone level, protein content of the testes, weight of the testes and seminal
vesicle, diameter of seminiferous tubules and fertility rate. Histology of the testes of the treated groups showed
a complete loss of the germ cells with arrest in the spermatogenesis process. Also, the 425 mg/kg treated group
showed severe damage in the seminiferous tubules compared to the control and vehicle groups. On the other
hand, histological examination of both liver and kidney of the treated groups does not show any signs of
changes. These indicate that the ethanolic extract of <i>A. graveolens</i> seed may not have any signs of toxicity.
Examination of histological sections through the liver of the control and vehicle groups showed normal
hepatocytes that were arranged into hepatic plates; also both treated groups do not show any change.
Histological examination of the cortex region of the kidney of the control and vehicle groups showed normal
intact glomeruli and both proximal and distal tubules. Moreover, the treated groups at two dose level do not
show any change. From the present study we conclude that the ethanolic extract of <i>A. graveolens</i> seed may act
as antifertility agent. This is supported by the results that showed a decrease in the fertility parameters (sperm
motility and sperm count), testosterone level, protein content of the testes, weight of the testes and seminal
vesicle, diameter of seminiferous tubules and fertility rate. Histology of the testes of the treated groups showed a complete loss of the germ cells with arrest in the spermatogenesis process. Also, the 425 mg/kg treated group
showed severe damage in the seminiferous tubules compared to the control and vehicle groups. On the other
hand, histological examination of both liver and kidney of the treated groups does not show any signs of
changes. Examination of histological sections through the liver of the control and vehicle groups showed
normal hepatocytes that were arranged into hepatic plates; also both treated groups do not show any change.
Histological examination of the cortex region of the kidney of the control and vehicle groups showed normal
intact glomeruli and both proximal and distal tubules. Moreover, the treated groups at two dose level do not
show any change. These indicate that the ethanol extract of <i>A. graveolens</i> seed may not have any signs of
toxicity.}
    }