@article{MAKHILLRJBS20127511356,
    title = {Sensitivity of Monocytic Cell Lines to Verapamil <i>in vitro</i>},
    journal = {Research Journal of Biological Sciences},
    volume = {7},
    number = {5},
    pages = {209-214},
    year = {2012},
    issn = {1815-8846},
    doi = {rjbsci.2012.209.214},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-8846&doi=rjbsci.2012.209.214},
    author = {Fatemeh and},
    keywords = {Cytotoxicity,verapamil,monocytes,leukemia,anti-proliferative,cytotoxic effect},
    abstract = {Verapamil as a calcium channel blocker broadly used in therapy 
  of many cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and arrhythmia. Moreover, 
  the anti-tumor effect of several chemotherapeutic agents has been increased 
  by verapamil. Also, the inhibitory effect of some calcium channel blockers on 
  tumor cell growth and invasion has been reported. Moreover, induction of apoptosis 
  in leukemia cells by a Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> channel blocker has been revealed. The 
  present study was conducted to evaluate the verapamil cytotoxicity in two human 
  monocytic cell lines <I>in vitro</I>. The human monocytic U937 and THP1 cells 
  were cultured in complete RPMI medium. Then, the cells at logarhytmic growth 
  phase were incubated with different concentrations of verapamil (0.01-2 mM) 
  for 24, 48 and 72 h periods. Next, the cell viability was assessed with trypan 
  blue dye exclusion and MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) 
  methods. Verapamil significantly decreased the proliferation of U937 and THP1 
  cells dose and time dependently. This cytotoxic effect after 24, 48 and 72 h 
  incubation time was shown at &ge;1, 0.2 and 0.1 mM concentration for U937 and 
  at &ge;1, 1 and 0.2 mM concentration for THP1 cells, respectively. In U937 cells 
  verapamil cytotoxicity at 0.2 mM concentration, significantly increased with 
  time in this order 72&gt;48 h (p&lt;0.05). According to the results of this 
  study, verapamil showed a dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on human 
  U937 and THP1 cells. Moreover, the sensitivity of U937 and THP1 cells to verapamil 
  was somewhat different. So, the anti-tumor effects of verapamil reported by 
  several investigations may be in part due to its direct cytotoxic effects. Thus, 
  verapamil with potential inhibitory effect on leukemic U937 and THP1 cells growth 
  might be useful as an anti-proliferative agent in leukemia.}
    }