@article{MAKHILLRJBS20094710952,
    title = {The Effect of Source and Level of Dietary Chromium Supplementation on Humoral Antibody Response and Blood Chemical Parameters in Hybrid Tilapia Fish (<I>Oreochromis niloticus </I>x <I>O. aureus</I>)},
    journal = {Research Journal of Biological Sciences},
    volume = {4},
    number = {7},
    pages = {821-827},
    year = {2009},
    issn = {1815-8846},
    doi = {rjbsci.2009.821.827},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-8846&doi=rjbsci.2009.821.827},
    author = {M.B.,H.A.,M.F.,S.I. and},
    keywords = {Chromium supplementation,tilapia fish,blood parameters,immune response,SRBC},
    abstract = {This study was undertaken to determine the effect of dietary chromium supplementation on humoral antibody response and some blood constituents in hybrid tilapia fish (<I>Oreohromis niloticus x O. aureus</I>). Cr-yeast or Chromic Oxide (Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) were added to fish feed at the rates of 1 or 2 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>, while control fish received unsupplemented diet. Three hundred and forty fish (Avg. weight 37.8 g) were randomly assigned to 5 feeding regimens with two replicates each. Each replicate was reared separately. The fish were immunized with Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBCs) at 0 day and re-immunized at 30 days of the experiment to determine primary and secondary humoral antibody responses, respectively. Blood samples were collected from 15 fish/replicate at 0 and 25 days to determine blood plasma constituents and at 5 days intervals during primary and secondary immunization up to 50 days to determine anti-SRBC antibody titers. The results shown decreased plasma glucose and increased plasma cholesterol concentrations at 25 days compared to 0 days in all groups. Increased triglyceride levels was noted in fish receiving Cr<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> (1 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) and decreased albumin: globulin ratio in those receiving Cr yeast (2 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP>) at 25 days (p<0.05). No significant changes were observed in total protein, albumin and total globulin concentrations due to either Cr treatment or feeding duration. Anti-SRBC antibody titers were significantly higher in Cr-supplemented groups versus control, with highest titers in fish receiving 2 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> Cr-yeast supplement during secondary immunization. These findings indicate that the inclusion of Cr in the feed significantly augments humoral antibody response of tilapia.}
    }