@article{MAKHILLJAVA201413104347,
    title = {Effects of Ketamine Combined with Medetomidine or Dexmedetomidine on the Ear Function of Mouse Offsprings},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {13},
    number = {10},
    pages = {648-652},
    year = {2014},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2014.648.652},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2014.648.652},
    author = {Hongsheng,Han and},
    keywords = {Ketamine,medetomidine,dexmedetomidine,ear,mice},
    abstract = {Ketamine combined with Medetomidine (MK) or Dexmedetomidine 
  (DK) is widely used to provide general anaesthesia in laboratory animals. This 
  study aimed to assess the effects of MK or DK treatment on embryogenesis and 
  inner ear development. The 25 pregnant mice were divided into 5 groups and administrated 
  Intraperitoneal (IP) or Subcutaneous (SC) with MK or DK at embryonic day 8.5. 
  After birth, the Pups were counted and weighed at postnatal days 0, 15 and 30. 
  For ear function, Brainstem Response testing (ABR) was applied to check the 
  cochlea and reaching reflex and swimming tests were applied to assess vestibular 
  function. The results showed no apparent difference between MK or DK administered 
  either IP or SC in pregnant mouse. No significant difference was found between 
  treated and control groups in embryo development and ear function. The ABR thresholds 
  of treated groups were also not statistically significantly different from control 
  group (p>0.05). Treated Pups exhibited normal reaching reflex and swimming 
  behavior and showed normal morphology in all six inner ear sensory regions. 
  In conclusion, this study did not find ketamine combined with medetomidine or 
  dexmedetomidine had any effect on general embryogenesis and ear function of 
  mouse offsprings.}
    }