@article{MAKHILLJAVA20141334190,
    title = {Seroprevalence of <I>Toxoplasma gondii</I> Antibodies in Horses at Riyadh 
  City},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {13},
    number = {3},
    pages = {139-143},
    year = {2014},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2014.139.143},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2014.139.143},
    author = {Al-Olayan,Al-Ajmi and},
    keywords = {Toxoplasma,horse,antibodies,seroprevalence,blood},
    abstract = {Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite <I>Toxoplasma 
  gondii</I> is one of the most important zoonotic diseases affecting both animals 
  and humans. It is one of the most destructive factors affecting the reproductive 
  potentials of animals being responsible for abortion, stillbirths, resulting 
  in a great economic loss. In this study, blood samples were collected from 152 
  horses (99 female and 53 male). The age of the study groups ranged from 2 months 
  and 20 years and during the period from October 2010 to April 2011. Collected 
  samples were labeled and stored at -20&deg;C until tested by the three serological 
  tests for detection of anti-<I>Toxoplasma gondii</I> antibodies. The seroprevalence 
  in the adult horses (&gt;11 years old) 44.1%: 15 of 34 was significantly higher 
  than those of young horses (1-10 years old) 13.4%: 13 of 97. Ended, seroprevalence 
  in horses increased with age. Although, the female horses had a significantly 
  higher seroprevalence (18.2%: 18 from 99) than the male (3.8%: 2 from 53). This 
  study describes that high seroprevalence rates and highlights the risk of toxoplasmosis 
  in horses due to environmental contamination with <I>T. gondii</I> oocysts.}
    }