@article{MAKHILLJAVA20131274102,
    title = {Effects of Chitosan on <I>in vitro</I> Ruminal Fermentation in Diets with Different Forage to Concentrate Ratios},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {12},
    number = {7},
    pages = {839-845},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2013.839.845},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2013.839.845},
    author = {Jun-Hu,Chao-Yun,Xiang-Hui,Yang-Chun,Yao-Geng,Chan-Juan and},
    keywords = {Chitosan,ruminal fermentation,methane production,in vitro,significantly},
    abstract = {This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chitosan 
  on ruminal fermentation, methane production and microbial populations in diets 
  with different Forage to Concentrate (F:C) ratios <I>in vitro</I>. A two factorial 
  <I>in vitro</I> experiment was designed with one factor as three F:C ratios 
  (80:20, 50:50 and 20:80) diets and the other as four levels of chitosan in rumen-buffer 
  fluid (0, 333, 667 and 1000 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>). After 24 h incubation, the results 
  showed that chitosan significantly decreased <I>In Vitro</I> Dry Matter Disappearance 
  (IVDMD) (p&lt;0.001), total gas production (p&lt;0.001), methane production 
  (p&lt;0.001) and Acetate:Propionate (A:P) (p = 0.001) and significantly increased 
  the rumen pH (p&lt;0.001). Chitosan significantly increased the molar proportion 
  of propionate of rumen-buffer fluid in F:C ratios of 80:20 (p = 0.009) and 50:50 
  (p = 0.007). In F:C ratios of 20:80, chitosan significantly increased the ammonia-N 
  concentration (p = 0.013) and the molar proportion of butyrate (p&lt;0.001) 
  and significantly decreased the molar proportion of acetate (p = 0.001). In 
  conclusion, chitosan affected the ruminal fermentation and reduced methane production 
  of rumen-buffer fluid <I>in vitro</I>.}
    }