@article{MAKHILLJAVA20131234025,
    title = {Effects of Glucosamine on the Development and Related Gene Expression of Buffalo (<I>Bubalus bubalis</I>) Embryos},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {12},
    number = {3},
    pages = {394-401},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2013.394.401},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2013.394.401},
    author = {Deshun,Nan,Fenghua,Peng,Qingyou and},
    keywords = {O-linked B-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation,glucosamine,embryos,gene expression,buffalo},
    abstract = {O-linked &#946;-N-Acetylglucosamine Glycosylation (O-GlcNAc) is one of the main types of glycosylation in mammalian cells while Glucosamine (GlcN) is an O-GlcNAc substrate. Thus, effects of GlcN on the embryonic development, level of O-GlcNAc and related gene expression of buffalo embryos were examined in this study. Buffalo zygotes derived from <I>In Vitro</I> Fertilization (IVF) were randomly allocated into culture in the medium supplemented with different concentration of GlcN (0, 1, 2 and 4 mM) during the different culture period (0-72, 72-172 and 0-172 h). When GlcN was added to the medium in the culture period of 0-72 h after IVF, addition of 2 mM GlcN resulted in more zygotes developing to blastocysts (26.1%) in comparison with control (14.3%), 1 mM (13.6%) and 4 mM (11.3%) groups (p&lt;0.05). However, the blastocyst yield decreased gradually when GlcN was added to the medium during 72-172 h of culture and decreased significantly when the concentration of GlcN was arrived at 4 mM (3.1 vs. 14.2%, p&lt;0.05). When GlcN was added to the medium in the whole culture period (0-172 h) there were no significant difference in either cleavage rate or blastocyst yield among the four groups (p&gt;0.05). Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that addition of 2 mM GlcN to medium from 0-72 h after IVF resulted in a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the O-GlcNAc level of embryos at 2, 4, 8 cells and morula stage with the exception of blastocysts. QRT-PCR revealed that culture of zygotes with 2 mM GlcN in the culture period of 0-72 h after IVF resulted in a significant increase (p&lt;0.05) in the expression of O-GlcNAc transferase gene in the embryos at the 2, 4, 8 cells and morula stage and did not affect the expression of O-GlcNAc-selective N-acetyl &#946;-D-<I>glucosaminidase</I> gene. These results indicate that appropriate concentration of GlcN can improve the development of buffalo embryos and this action is stage dependent and mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase gene.}
    }