@article{MAKHILLJAVA20131224008,
    title = {Adjuvant Effect of Ginsenosides on the Recombinant SO7 Antigen Against<I> Eimeria tenella</I> in Chickens},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {12},
    number = {2},
    pages = {283-288},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2013.283.288},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2013.283.288},
    author = {Jianping,Jinjun and},
    keywords = {Eimeria tenella,SO7 antigen,ginsenosides,adjuvant,dose},
    abstract = {An experiment was conducted to study the adjuvant effect of 
  ginsenosides on the recombinant refractile body antigen SO7 in coccidian-infected 
  AA broilers. Five, days old chickens were subcutaneously immunized with SO7 
  antigen (100 &#956;g per chick) mixed with various doses of ginsenosides or 
  without adjuvant. A boost of the same dose was given at 12 and 19 days of age. 
  The specific antibody response and lymphocyte proliferation response to SO7 
  antigen were measured periodically postimmunization. Chickens in all groups 
  were orally challenged with 1x10<SUP>5</SUP> homologous sporulated oocysts of 
  <I>E. tenella</I> at 26 days of age and killed at eight days postchallenge. 
  Results showed that when immunized by antigen adjuvanted with ginsenosides, 
  lymphocyte proliferation was significantly enhanced at 19, 26 days of age and 
  antibody response was obviously observed at 12, 19 and 26 days of age. All groups 
  administered with antigen mixed in adjuvant showed higher protective immunity 
  compared to PBS or nonadjuvanted antigen control in terms of lower mortality, 
  oocyst output, lesion score and higher weight gain. A linear dose relationship 
  was observed in terms of lesion score among three groups immunized with various 
  doses of ginsenosides (p&lt;0.05) in which the group given adjuvanted antigen 
  with 1.0 mg ginsenosides showed significantly stronger adjuvant effects. These 
  results suggest that ginsenosides has a strong adjuvant effect at a appropriate 
  dose and may potentially serve as a vaccine adjuvant against avian coccidiosis.}
    }