@article{MAKHILLJAVA201312134158,
    title = {Temporal and Spatial Relationship among Pinopodes, Implantation Sites and Implantation Window},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {12},
    number = {13},
    pages = {1147-1150},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2013.1147.1150},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2013.1147.1150},
    author = {Shucheng,Ning,Linlin and},
    keywords = {Pinopodes,implantation sites,implantation window,pseudopregnancy,apposition},
    abstract = {The aim of this study was to explore the temporal and spatial 
  relationship among pinopodes, implantation sites and implantation window and 
  to suggest a method to obtain a sufficient number of pinopodes for further study. 
  The endometrium was divided into two groups: the natural pregnancy group and 
  the pseudopregnancy group. The distribution and density of pinopodes in different 
  phases were observed by scanning electron microscopy in order to determine the 
  phase and location that pinopodes enriched on the surface of endometrium. In 
  the natural pregnancy group, a small number of tiny and round pinopodes started 
  to protrude on the endometrial surface from day 3.5 of pregnancy. On day 4.5, 
  a large number of pinopodes protruded from the endometrial surface, concentrating 
  in where the implantation sites were located. On day 5.5, pinopodes started 
  to regress. Pinopodes reached their peak at the implantation sites on the phase 
  of implant window. In comparison, in the pseudopregnancy group, pinopodes reached 
  their largest scale and density on day 3 of pseudopregnancy and earlier than 
  they were in the natural pregnancy group. Pinopodes concentrated in the crypts 
  of anti mesometrial side. In the natural pregnancy group, the peak of pinopodes 
  appeared temporal and spatial coincident with implantation sites and implantation 
  window. In the pseudopregnancy group which was earlier than they were in the 
  natural pregnancy group. Whether in the natural pregnancy group or in the pseudopregnancy 
  group, researchers can obtain endometrium containing pinopodes without interference 
  of other tissues containing none or scarce pinopodes. This makes it possible 
  to better understand the biochemical characteristic of pinopodes by studying 
  biological molecules in pinopodes. This also helps to further explain the mechanism 
  of recognition in other words, the relationship between the maternal endometrium 
  and embryo in the process of apposition and attachment during the early implantation.}
    }