@article{MAKHILLJAVA201312114141,
    title = {Effects of Chelated Zinc or Copper on Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Milk Production in Lactating Holstein Cows},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {12},
    number = {11},
    pages = {1048-1054},
    year = {2013},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2013.1048.1054},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2013.1048.1054},
    author = {M.B.,K.J.,Y.H.,G.S.,E.J.,S.S.,I.K.,D.Y.,J.S.,C.H. and},
    keywords = {Chelates,copper,zinc,dairy cow,rumen},
    abstract = {This study was conducted to examine the effects of supplemental 
  Zn or Cu chelated with methionine or sulfate on ruminal fermentation, milk yield, 
  milk composition and Immunoglobluin G (IgG) concentration in the blood of lactating 
  Holstein cows. In this experiment, five Holstein dairy cows with permanent ruminal 
  cannulae were subjected to five dietary treatments comprising either sulfate 
  or methionine chelated Zn or Cu in a Total Mixed Ration (TMR) in a 5x5 Latin 
  Square experimental design. The five dietary treatments were control, 40 ppm 
  Dry Matter Intake (DMI)<SUP>-1</SUP> of Cu-Sulfate (CuS), 20 ppm DMI<SUP>-1</SUP> 
  of Cu-Methionine (CuMet) and 200 ppm DMI<SUP>-1</SUP> of Zn-Sulfate (ZnS) and 
  finally 100 ppm DMI<SUP>-1</SUP> of Zn-Methionine (ZnMet) chelate. Ruminal fermentation 
  patterns including pH, ammonia-N and VFA post-feeding were significantly altered 
  when animals were supplemented with chelated minerals relative to the control 
  (p&lt;0.05). In terms of animal performance, DMI (averaging 25.7 kg day<SUP>-1</SUP>) 
  did not differ among the dietary treatments whereas milk yield increased (p&lt;0.05) 
  upon supplementation of chelated trace minerals compared to control and was 
  the highest in cows fed ZnMet. Somatic cell counts were much lower (p&lt;0.05) 
  in animals supplemented with chelated Zn than chelated Cu. The immune response 
  as determined by the plasma IgG concentration of increased (p&lt;0.05) in all 
  cows supplemented with chelated Zn or Cu compared to control. The results of 
  the study demonstrate that chelated trace mineral complexes are of use to improve 
  animal performance and immune responses at lower or similar levels in comparison 
  to non-chelated minerals although, further investigations are necessary to identify 
  the modes of action and intestinal absorption rate.}
    }