@article{MAKHILLJAVA201211233953,
    title = {Identification and Characterization of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (<i>DARC</i>) Gene in Sichuan Golden Monkey (<i>Rhinopithecus roxellanae</i>)},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {11},
    number = {23},
    pages = {4465-4471},
    year = {2012},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2012.4465.4471},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2012.4465.4471},
    author = {Huai-Liang,Xiao-Hui,Yong-Fang,Shuan-Ling,Wei and},
    keywords = {Rhinopithecus roxellanae,DARC gene,sequencing analysis,primates,malaria},
    abstract = {The Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (<I>DARC</I>) gene 
  also called Duffy or FY, <I>Plasmodium vivax</I> and <I>Plasmodium knowlesi</I> 
  use DARC to trigger internalization into red blood cells and cause malaria, 
  the malaria life cycle in humans and nonhuman primates. In order to investigate 
  <I>DARC</I> gene in golden snub-nosed monkey (<I>Rhinopithecus roxellanae</I>), 
  two pairs of primers were designed based on <I>DARC </I>gene sequence of the 
  <I>Macaca mulatta </I>(HQ285849.1) and used to amplify approximately 1.0 and 
  1.1 kb DNA fragments respectively by PCR technique from genomic DNA sample of 
  golden monkey. The DNA, sequencing and combing results showed that the<I> DARC</I> 
  gene of the golden monkey was 1593 bp in length and contained a 47 bp 5 flanking 
  region, two extrons (21 and 990 bp), one complete intron (478 bp) and a 57 bp 
  3 flanking region. The Open Reading Fragment (ORF) was 1011 bp and encoded 336 
  amino acid residues. The DARC was a hydrophobic protein with less hydrophilic 
  components. The prediction of topological structure for the protein indicated 
  that it contained 16 potential function sites: three N-glycosylation sites, 
  one protein kinase C phosphorylation site, two casein kinase II phosphorylation 
  sites and ten N-myristoylation sites. In addition, the protein comprised seven 
  transmembrane helix regions and four extracellular regions and four intracellular 
  regions. Alignment analysis revealed that the homologies of <I>DARC</I> gene 
  nucleotide sequence of golden snub-nosed monkey with other primate species and 
  human was 95-99% and the homologies of amino acid sequence was 80-99%. These 
  results would provide the molecular basis for golden monkey against human malarias.}
    }