@article{MAKHILLJAVA201211153608,
title = {Impacts of Chicken Manure and Irrigation on Base Cation Input-Output Budgets in a Vegetable Production System},
journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
volume = {11},
number = {15},
pages = {2652-2659},
year = {2012},
issn = {1680-5593},
doi = {javaa.2012.2652.2659},
url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2012.2652.2659},
author = {Zhaorong,He,Yang,Qing and},
keywords = {Base cation budgets,chicken manure,irrigation water,input and output pathways,surplus,China},
abstract = {Base cations input-output budgets are usually considered as
important indicators for the sustainability of agricultural production systems.
In vegetable production systems, excessive inputs of manure and irrigation water
may disturb the base cations budgets. A case study on the base cation input-output
budgets of greenhouse was carried out in Shouguang, a typical greenhouse vegetable
production region in Northern China. From Feb, 2009 to Jan, 2010, researchers
evaluated base cation input-output budgets and identified the most important
input and output pathways of base cations under three urea management levels.
The balances of base cations showed net surpluses of 5.2-34.1 kmol 1/2 Ca2+,
25.2-30.0 kmol 1/2 Mg2+, 12.0-15.9 kmol K+ and 22.1-25.1
kmol Na+/ha/year under different Nitrogen (N) levels. Different N
levels did not produce significantly different effects on the budgets of base
cations. The major contributor to Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+
surpluses was irrigation water whereas the main contributor to K+
surplus was the overuse of potassium (K) fertilizer. Chicken manure also was
an important contributor to Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+ surpluses
but not to Na+ surplus. The surpluses have changed the composition
of soil exchangeable base cations and pose a potential threat to soil quality
and crop growth. Furthermore, surplus K in soil can be lost through leaching
which is a waste of resources.}
}