@article{MAKHILLJAVA201211133536,
    title = {Diurnal Ammonia and Urea Excretion Rates in the Juvenile European Sea Bass, 
  <I>Dicentrarchus labrax</I> Fed Diets Containing Cotton Seed and/or Canola Oils},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {11},
    number = {13},
    pages = {2220-2229},
    year = {2012},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2012.2220.2229},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2012.2220.2229},
    author = {Kenan,Hatice,I. and},
    keywords = {Fish oil replacement,canola oil,cotton seed oil,ammonia,urea,excretion,Dicentrarchus labrax},
    abstract = {This study investigated the effects of total fish oil replacement by cotton seed and/or canola oils on daily total ammonia and urea-nitrogen excretion rates in the juvenile European sea bass. Iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets formulated to totally replace Fish Oil (FO100) by Cotton Seed Oil (CSO100), Canola Oil (CO100) and equal combination (CSO50/CO50) of these Vegetable Oils (VOs) were fed to fish to apparent satiation and daily fluctuation of Total Ammonia Nitrogen (TAN) and urea-N were measured after 24 h. There was a delay in times of the occurrence of peak excretions in fish fed diets containing VOs. Daily TAN excretion rates decreased whereas daily urea-N excretion increased with the inclusion of VOs in diets and this was particularly the case in fish fed dietary treatment CSO50/CO50 as daily urea-N excretion expressed as percentage of Consumed Nitrogen (CN) was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of fish fed FO100 diet. There was no significant difference in the theoretically calculated Retained-N + Fecal-N values among the treatments. This study indicated that European sea bass utilized both VOs effectively as an energy source but altered dietary n-3/n-6 ratio seemed to play a part in the nitrogenous excretion mechanism in the European sea bass.}
    }