@article{MAKHILLJAVA20121193402,
    title = {Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Induction of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-2 Alpha in C<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>12</SUB> Myotubes},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {11},
    number = {9},
    pages = {1411-1419},
    year = {2012},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2012.1411.1419},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2012.1411.1419},
    author = {Defa Li,Jize and},
    keywords = {n-3 PUFAs,HIF-2a,PDK4,PPARa,basal metabolism,skeletal muscle},
    abstract = {Results from different trails have provided evidence of protective effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) on heart and skeletal muscle. But the induction of Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) by n-3 PUFAs in these protective effects has never been reported before. The aim of this study was to find out if the marine n-3 fatty acids Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and of the plant-derived Alpha Linolenic Acid (ALA) and Stearidonic Acid (SDA) can induce HIFs in C<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>12</SUB> myotubes and subsequent effect on cell metabolism. The n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA, EPA and SDA increased the levels of protein and mRNA in HIF-2&#945; at 72 h. Meanwhile, n-3 PUFAs also elevated the expression of HIF related transcriptional factors like PDK4 and PPAR&#945; at 72 h. The reprogramming of basal metabolism in C<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>12</SUB> myotubes increased in <I>GLUT4</I> and <I>CPT1b</I> gene expression by treatment of n-3 PUFAs at 72 h. UCP2 was increased by n-3 PUFAs for attenuating production of ROS at 72 h. n-3 PUFAs, especially DHA, EPA and SDA could induce HIF-2&#945; which is associated with upregulation of PDK4 by activation of PPAR&#945;. This process also implies a reprogramming of basal metabolism and oxidative damage protection in C<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>12</SUB> myotubes.}
    }