@article{MAKHILLJAVA201110152894,
    title = {Protein Requirement of Thai Native Cattle Compared with Meta-Analysis of <I>Bos indicus</I> Cattle},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {10},
    number = {15},
    pages = {1927-1933},
    year = {2011},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2011.1927.1933},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2011.1927.1933},
    author = {S.,P.,S. and},
    keywords = {body tissues,nitrogen intake,Protein requirement,meta-analysis,composition,Thai native cattle},
    abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine protein requirement 
  of Thai native cattle compared with the meta-analysis of <I>Bos indicus</I>. 
  The 24 Thai native cattle with body weight of 134 + 11.2 kg were arranged in 
  a randomized block design with 8 replications and 3 treatments. Cattle were 
  fed with total mixed ratio consisted 3 levels of protein (6.0, 9.0 and 12.0%). 
  The meta-analysis of protein requirement for maintenance and for growth of Thai 
  native and Brahman cattle were used to compare with the experiment. A database 
  from 48 observations of trials conducted under diverse feeding condition in 
  Thailand was subjected to regression analysis using a linear model. Dry matter, 
  organic mater, crude protein and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) digestibility, 
  N absorption and N retention increased (p&lt;0.05) with increasing levels of 
  CP. Prediction equation CP intake (CPI, gCP kg&oline;<SUP>1</SUP> BW<SUP>0.75</SUP>) 
  with relation to Average Daily Gain (ADG, g kg&oline;<SUP>1</SUP> BW<SUP>0.75</SUP>) 
  was CPI = 0.413+4.28 (R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.896, SE = 0.774, p&lt;0.05, n = 24). 
  It can be explained that the CP for maintenance of Thai native cattle is 4.28 
  gCP kg&oline;<SUP>1</SUP> BW<SUP>0.75</SUP>. Results from the meta-analysis, 
  the relation between Nitrogen Intake (NI, g kg&oline;<SUP>1</SUP> BW<SUP>0.75</SUP>) 
  and Nitrogen Retention (NR, g kg&oline;<SUP></SUP><SUP></SUP><SUP>1</SUP> BW<SUP>0.75</SUP>) 
  of Thai native were NR = -0.41 (SE = 0.16)+0.58 (SE = 0.10) NI (n = 26, R<SUP>2</SUP> 
  = 0.57, RSD = 0.27, p&lt;0.05) and Brahman were NR = -0.34 (SE = 0.1)+ 0.70 
  (SE = 0.04) NI (n = 14, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.96, RSD = 0.20, p&lt;0.05). The relation 
  between NI and Dry Matte Digestibility (DMD, %) for Thai native were DMD = 48.90 
  (SE = 4.92)+11.10 (SE = 3.02) NI (n = 12, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.57, RSD = 4.90, 
  p&lt;0.05) and Brahman were DMD = 48.55 (SE = 6.44)+7.16 (SE = 1.94) NI (n = 
  11, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.60, RSD = 7.47, p&lt;0.05). The relation between NI and 
  Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD, %) for Thai native were OMD = 56.68 (SE = 
  2.75) + 5.27 (SE = 1.72) NI (n = 12, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.48, RSD = 2.78, p&lt;0.05), 
  Brahman were OMD = 5 0.79 (SE = 3.75)+6.18 (SE = 1.13 ) NI (n = 11, R<SUP>2</SUP> 
  = 0.77, RSD = 4.35, p&lt;0.05). The relation between NI and NDF Digestibility 
  (NDFD,%) for Thai native were NDFD = 50.94 (SE = 1.16) + 4.26 (SE = 0.70) NI 
  (n = 8, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.86, RSD = 1.01, p&lt;0.05), Brahman were NDFD = 51.52 
  (SE = 2.80) + 5.60 (SE = 0.79) NI (n = 9, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.88, RSD = 2.80, 
  p&lt;0.05). The relationship between NI and CP digestibility (CPD, %) for Thai 
  native were CPD = 47.86 (SE = 4.50)+13.09 (SE = 2.76) NI (n = 11, R<SUP>2</SUP> 
  = 0.71, RSD = 4.29, p&lt;0.05). The relationship between NI and Blood Urea Nitrogen 
  (BUN, mg %) for Thai native were BUN = 7.56 (SE = 1.36) + 0.09 (SE = 0.11)NI 
  (n = 9, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.08, RSD = 2.86, p&lt;0.05), Brahman were BUN = 14.17 
  (SE = 3.04)-1.21 (SE = 0.95) NI (n = 4, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.45, RSD = 2.75, p&lt;0.05). 
  The relationship between NI and ruminal Ammonia Nitrogen (NH<SUB>3</SUB>N, mg%) 
  for Thai native were NH<SUB>3</SUB>N = -7.99 (SE = 3.07) + 12.14 (SE = 1.84) 
  NI (n = 7, R<SUP>2</SUP> = 0.90, RSD = 1.56, p&lt;0.05. The results indicated 
  that protein requirement by nitrogen intake of Thai native and Brahman have 
  relation to nitrogen retention, DMD, OMD, NDFD, ADFD, CPD, BUN and NH<SUB>3</SUB>N 
  but the potential of prediction were indicated to R<SUP>2</SUP> value.}
    }