@article{MAKHILLJAVA201110142864,
    title = {Pharmacokinetics and Lung Tissue Concentration of Valnemulin in Swine},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {10},
    number = {14},
    pages = {1824-1828},
    year = {2011},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2011.1824.1828},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2011.1824.1828},
    author = {L.X.,C.Y.,J.P.,Z.,Y.H.,R. and},
    keywords = {pig,bioavailability,HPLC-MS/MS,Valnemulin,pharmacokinetic,China},
    abstract = {The systemic bioavailability and lung tissue distribution of valnemulin were investigated in swine. About 65 pigs received 10 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> body weight of valnemulin by either intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) route in two studies: study A (10 pigs, i.v. or p.o.) and study B (55 pigs, p.o.). The plasma and lung tissue concentration of the drug were determined by a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. Plasma concentration-time data after i.v. administration (10 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> b.w.) were best described by a two-compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameters were elimination   rate (k<SUB>e</SUB>) 0.95&plusmn;0.17 h<SUP>-1</SUP>, the maximum concentrations 4.63&plusmn;0.66 &#956;g mL<SUP>-1</SUP>, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC<SUB>inf</SUB>) 5.30&plusmn;0.37 (h*&#956;g) mL<SUP>-1</SUP>. On the other hand, A one-compartment model with a 1st order absorption rate was best fitted to the plasma concentration-time curve of valnemulin after oral administration (10 mg kg<SUP>-1</SUP> b.w.) and the absorption rate (k<SUB>a</SUB>) was 0.34&plusmn;0.03 h<SUP>-1</SUP>, the elimination rate (k<SUB>e</SUB>) was 1.05&plusmn;0.19 h<SUP>-1</SUP>, the maximum concentration was 0.59&plusmn;0.08 &#956;g mL<SUP>-1</SUP> at 1.98&plusmn;0.21 h (t<SUB>max</SUB>), the mean p.o. bioavailability (F) was 57.43%. Following p.o. administration, a mean valnemulin concentration of 0.14 &#956;g g<SUP>-1</SUP> was detected in lung tissue at 36 h postdosing. The lung AUC<SUB>inf</SUB> (410.16 h*&#956;g g<SUP>-1</SUP>) was 77.39 times higher than the corresponding plasma AUC<SUB>inf </SUB>(5.30 h*&#956;g g<SUP>-1</SUP>). The apparent elimination half-time for valnemulin in lung was 3.57 h. The advisable bioavailability and extensive distribution to lung tissue following a single dose of valnemulin may be desirable pharmacokinetic attributes for an antimicrobial drug used for the treatment and prevention of respiratory disease in swine.}
    }