@article{MAKHILLJAVA201110122853,
    title = {Reference Strains of <I>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</I> Raise Detectable 
  Hemagglutination-Inhibition Antibodies in Immunized Specific-Pathogen-Free Chickens},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {10},
    number = {12},
    pages = {1623-1626},
    year = {2011},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2011.1623.1626},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2011.1623.1626},
    author = {C.,N.L.,S.,V. and},
    keywords = {antibodies,Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,chickens,hemagglutination-inhibiton test,vaccination,serum},
    abstract = {The ability of nine reference strains of <I>Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale</I> (serovars A-I) to raise detectable, hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies in immunized specific-pathogen-free chickens was investigated. Six of the nine <I>O. rhinotracheale</I> serovar (A-H) reference strains raised detectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies 14 and 21 days after vaccination. Detectable serum hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers ranged from 512-16348. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopic examination of a hemagglutinating reference strain (B 3263/91, serovar A) demonstrated a close interaction between the bacterial and chicken erythrocyte surfaces. The results indicate that most of the hemagglutinating <I>O. rhinotracheale</I> reference strains included in this study are able to raised detectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies in immunized specific-pathogen-free chickens. The findings have the potential to become an alternative laboratory approach for detecting serum antibodies from chickens immunized with <I>O. rhinotracheale</I>.}
    }