@article{MAKHILLJAVA2010922005,
    title = {Effects of Ammonia and Nitrite-Nitrate Concentrations on Thyroid Hormones and Variables Parameters of Broilers in Poorly Ventilated Poultry Houses},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {9},
    number = {2},
    pages = {346-353},
    year = {2010},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2010.346.353},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2010.346.353},
    author = {Ulvi,Hidayet,Cavit,Funda,Mehmet,Selim and},
    keywords = {Ammonia,biochemical parameters,broiler,nitrate,nitrite,thyroid hormone},
    abstract = {It was aimed to evaluate the effects of accumulated ammonia (NH<SUB>3</SUB>) concentration in poultry housing and Nitrite (NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) Nitrate (NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) concentrations in poultry litter on thyroid hormone levels (Triiodothyronine (T<SUB>3</SUB>) and Thyroxine (T<SUB>4</SUB>)), Body Weight (BW) and variables parameters such as blood methemoglobin, serum retinol, &#946;-carotene and total cholesterol levels. Weighing 58.0&plusmn;3.2 g (control group) and 60.0&plusmn;4.3 g (experiment group), 1 day old, 180 male broiler chickens were used. Chicks were allowed <I>ad libitum</I> access to feed and water throughout the 45 days trials. In the experiment group, the ventilation was restricted without changing other conditions. NH<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in poultry housing and moisture ratio, as well as NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>-NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>- </SUP>concentrations in litter were measured with 5 days intervals throughout the 45 days trials. Plasma total T<SUB>3</SUB>, T<SUB>4</SUB>, blood methemoglobin and serum retinol, &#946;-carotene and total cholesterol levels were evaluated at the 45 days. NH<SUB>3</SUB> concentration in poultry housing was increased after 21 days (p&lt;0.05) at 0.222 g bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day and 26 days (p&lt;0.01) at range 0.377-0.400 g bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day in the experiment group as compared with the control group throughout the 45 days trials. In addition, moisture ratio in litter were increased after 26 days (p&lt;0.05) at 0.444% bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day and 36 days (p&lt;0.01) at range 0.461-0.472% bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day. Also, NO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> concentrations in litter were increased after 26 days (p&lt;0.05) at range 7.50-8-40 ppm bird<SUP>-1</SUP> day. As to NO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> concentrations in litter in the experiment group, no statistically significant difference was observed. Compared to control group, at 45 days, BW, plasma total T<SUB>3</SUB>, as well as serum retinol and &#946;-carotene levels decreased significantly in experiment group (p&lt;0.01). Total cholesterol level was increased (p&lt;0.05). No statistically considerable differences were found in plasma total T<SUB>4</SUB> and blood methemoglobin levels.}
    }