@article{MAKHILLJAVA20109212455,
    title = {The Effects of Several Cow and Herd Level Factors on Lameness in Holstein Cows Reared in Izmir Province of Turkey},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {9},
    number = {21},
    pages = {2714-2722},
    year = {2010},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2010.2714.2722},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2010.2714.2722},
    author = {Can,Ibrahim,Erdal and},
    keywords = {significant,Turkey,Holstein cows,risk factors,Lameness,prevalence},
    abstract = {This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of 
  lameness and risk factors for lameness. Data of 1078 Holstein cows from 34 farms 
  in Izmir province of Turkey were evaluated. Lameness was determined by using 
  a Lameness Score (LS) scale with 5 levels. Mean prevalence of lameness (LS≥3) 
  was 28.3%. The percent of the cows with LS 1-5 were found to be 37.9, 33.8, 
  20.9, 5.8 and 1.6%, respectively. Cow-level variables were parity, days in milk, 
  body condition score and hygiene score of lower rear legs. There were 18 herd 
  level variables used to explain the variation in the prevalence of lameness 
  among the herds. LS data were analysed using individual and multifactorial binary 
  logistic regression. About 12 of the 22 potential risk factors investigated 
  in the study were found to be significant (p<0.10) in the individual logistic 
  regression analysis. However, only 9 of the 12 factors remained in the final 
  multifactorial logistic regression model. These significant 9 factors on lameness 
  were parity, body condition score, herd size, animal keeper, total area per 
  cow, soil area per cow, frequency of scraping, ratio of concentrate feed to 
  total feed intake and consulting a feeding expert. Lameness risk was increased 
  with increasing parity, herd size and ratio of concentrate feed to total feed 
  intake and it was increased with decreasing in body condition score, total area 
  per cow and soil area per cow and the risk was also increased if a feeding expert 
  was not available or animal keeper was the stockman (p<0.10). Frequency of 
  scraping was found a significant (p = 0.031) risk factor for lameness. Minimum 
  prevalence of lameness was determined in the herds scraped once in 6-10 days.}
    }