@article{MAKHILLJAVA20109112239,
    title = {Rumen Fermentation, Microbial Protein Synthesis and Cellulolytic Bacterial Population of Swamp Buffaloes as Affected By Roughage to Concentrate Ratio},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {9},
    number = {11},
    pages = {1667-1675},
    year = {2010},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2010.1667.1675},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2010.1667.1675},
    author = {Ruangyote,Pichad,Phongthorn,Metha and},
    keywords = {cellulolytic bacteria,roughage to concentrate ratio,digestibility,rumen fermentation,Swamp buffalo,real-time PCR technique},
    abstract = {Four rumen-fistulated, male swamp buffalo were randomly assigned according to a 4x4 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of the urea-treated rice straw to concentrate ratio (R:C) on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibilities, microbial protein synthesis and cellulolytic bacterial population. Animals were fed R:C of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75, respectively. Results showed that digestibility of nutrients were significantly affected by R:C especially those of OM and fiber. However, digestibility of CP, ruminal NH<SUB>3</SUB>-N and plasma urea N were similar among treatments (p&gt;0.05) whereas ruminal pH was decreased significantly (p&lt;0.01) when concentrate ratio was increased. Total VFA concentrations and C3 were significantly different among treatments and were greatest at 50:50 of R:C supplementation (p&lt;0.01). Total viable bacteria, proteolytic bacteria and bacteria cell count were not altered among treatments (p&gt;0.05) whereas amylolytic bacteria, cellulolytic bacteria and fungal zoospore were significantly different (p&lt;0.01), responding to a change in proportion of R:C. Moreover, using of real-time PCR technique provided that feeding of a 100% roughage remarkably increased these three cellulolytic bacteria numbers up to 3.54x10<SUP>9 </SUP>copies mL<SUP>-1</SUP> for <I>F. succinogenes</I>, 7.38x10<SUP>7</SUP> copies mL<SUP>-1</SUP> for <I>R. Flavefaciens</I> and 5.80x10<SUP>6</SUP> copies mL<SUP>-1</SUP> for <I>R. albus</I> in rumen digesta, respectively. It is most notable that <I>F. succinogenes</I> were the highest in population in the rumen of swamp buffalo. In addition, efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis were enriched by R:C supplementation, especially at the ratio of 50:50 (p&lt;0.05). Based on this study, it could be concluded that supplementation of R:C at 50:50 improved digestibilities of nutrients, ruminal ecology and microbial protein synthesis efficiency.}
    }