@article{MAKHILLJAVA200873432,
    title = {Haemolytic <I>E. coli</I> Associated with the Outbreaks of Avian Influenza [H5N1] in Nigeria},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {7},
    number = {3},
    pages = {217-220},
    year = {2008},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2008.217.220},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2008.217.220},
    author = {H.M. Kazeem,D.F. Adene,L Sa&#8217;idu,P.A. Abdu,A.M. Wakawa,C.N. Kwanashie,P.H. Mamman,J. Adamu,M.Y. Fatihu and},
    keywords = {Outbreaks,avian influenza,haemolytic E. coli,bacteria,antibiotics,resistance},
    abstract = {Avian Influenza (AI) strain H5N1 outbreak with very high mortality in 2 commercial poultry farms in Nigeria was subjected to further laboratory investigations to document all contributory etiological factors. Tissues from flocks on the farms located over 200 km apart were sampled for bacteriology. Haemolytic <I>E. coli</I> and an unidentified Gram variable rod were isolated from the first farm; <I>Pasteurella haemolytica</I> and haemolytic <I>E. coli</I> were isolated from the second farm. Antibiotic susceptibility test showed haemolytic <I>E. coli</I> was resistant to 6, partially to 3 and fully susceptible to <I>Enrofloxacin</I> (<I>Tarivid&reg;</I>). <I>Pasteurella haemolytica</I> was resistant  to  5  and  susceptible  to  3  antibiotics.  The  unidentified Gram variable pleomorph was sensitive to 10 antibiotics used. The isolation of haemolytic <I>E. coli</I>, in avian influenza outbreaks with high degree of antibiotic resistance is hereby documented.}
    }