Chin-Wei  Yen, Ming-Tang  Tsai, 
    A Particle Swarm Optimization with Random Particles and Fine-Tuning Mechanism for Nonconvex Economic Dispatch,
    International Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering,
    Volume 5,Issue 1,
    2011,
    Pages 35-41,
    ISSN 1990-7958,
    ijepe.2011.35.41,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=ijepe.2011.35.41)
    Abstract: This study presents a new approach to the economic dispatch problems with valve-point effects. The practical economic dispatch problem has a nonconvex cost function with equality and inequality constraints that it is difficult to find the optimal solutions using any mathematical approaches. A Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Random Particles and Fine-tuning mechanism (PSO-RPFT) is proposed to solve economic dispatch problem. The proposed developed in such a way that PSO with Constriction Factor (PSO-CF) is applied as a based level search which can give a good direction to the optimal global region. Random particles and fine-tuning mechanism is used as a fine tuning to determine the optimal solutions at the final. Effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on 3 example systems and compared to that of SA, GA, EP. Results show that the proposed method is more effective in solving economic dispatch problem.
    Keywords: CF;Taiwan;particle swarm optimization;fine-tuning mechanism;Economic dispatch;valve-point effect