M.S.  Okundamiya, A.N.  Nzeako, 
    Energy Storage Models for Optimizing Renewable Power Applications,
    International Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering,
    Volume 4,Issue 2,
    2010,
    Pages 54-65,
    ISSN 1990-7958,
    ijepe.2010.54.65,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=ijepe.2010.54.65)
    Abstract: A detailed analysis of two well-known analytical models, the kinetic battery model and the diffusion model is presented which reveals that the kinetic battery model is a first-order approximation of the more complex diffusion model; both models are well suited for battery life time predictions. In order to optimize their storage capacity, super capacitors are introduced to the renewable energy system which creates a voltage source control that dictates the frequency and AC voltage in the system and mainly responds to sudden energy unbalances while a current source control receives control input from SC voltage difference and mitigates the error-signal in order to fulfill the necessary energy demand on the system.
    Keywords: renewable energy system;state of charge;charging and discharging currents;energy optimization;Battery models;control strategies;super capacitors