O.S. Onohaebi  , P.A. Kuale  , 
    Estimation of Technical Losses in the Nigerian 330KV Transmission Network,
    International Journal of Electrical and Power Engineering,
    Volume 1,Issue 4,
    2007,
    Pages 402-409,
    ISSN 1990-7958,
    ijepe.2007.402.409,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=ijepe.2007.402.409)
    Abstract: In this study, the estimation of technical power losses associated with the Nigerian 330KV transmission network was carried out. In order to estimate the peak power losses, the 330 KV network was simulated in the computer using the Newton Raphson method in the Power World Simulator ( PWS ) software environment. The annual technical energy losses in the network was calculated based on the Load Factor (LF) and Loss Load Factor (LLF) from hourly readings and empirical formulae. The annual energy loss for 2005 was computed to be 337.5 GWH amounting to over two billion, six hundred Naira.
    Keywords: PHCN;power losses;load factor;loss load factor;Power World Simulator;transmission;power flow analysis