P.  Okinda Owuor, J.  Ogweno Midiwo, Charles O.  Ochieng, 
    Anti-Plasmodial and Larvicidal Effects of Surface Exudates of <I>Gardenia ternifolia</I> Aerial Parts,
    Research Journal of Pharmacology,
    Volume 4,Issue 2,
    2010,
    Pages 45-50,
    ISSN 1815-9362,
    rjpharm.2010.45.50,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjpharm.2010.45.50)
    Abstract: Various parts of <I>Gardenia ternifolia</I> (leaves, roots and stem bark) have been reported by traditional healers as a remedy against malaria fever. The aerial parts are coated with shiny materials rich in flavonoid aglycones. The crude acetone wash of the aerial parts showed anti-plasmodial activity of IC<SUB>50</SUB> values 1.06 and 0.94 &#956;g mL<SUP>-1</SUP> against chloroquine-resistant (W2) and chloroquine-sensitive (D6) strains of <I>Plasmodium falciparum</I>, respectively. Bioassay guided chromatographic separation of the crude extracts afforded five flavonoids; (naringenin-7-O-methylether, quercetin-4, 7-O-dimethylether, kaempferol-7-O-methylether, 4, 5-Dihydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxyflavanone, naringenin-4, 7-O-dimethyl-ether) and two steroids; (stigmasterol, &#946;-sitosterol). The same crude acetone surface extract as well as the pure isolates showed moderate larvicidal effects against 2nd instar <I>Ae. aegypti</I> larvae. Naringenin-7-O-methyl-ether was the most potent principle.
    Keywords: kaempferol-7-O-methylether;quercetin-4; 7-O-dimethylether;naringenin-7-O-methylether;surface exudates;Gardenia ternifolia;anti-plasmadial;LC50; IC50