N. ALHaj  , N.S. Mariana  , A.R. Raha  , Z. Ishak  , 
    Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance among Diarrheagenic <I>Escherichia coli</I>,
    Research Journal of Medical Sciences,
    Volume 1,Issue 5,
    2007,
    Pages 245-250,
    ISSN 1815-9346,
    rjmsci.2007.245.250,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjmsci.2007.245.250)
    Abstract: Diarrhea caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria is an important public health problem among children in developing countries. <I>Escherichia coli </I>is an important cause of disease in animals and humans worldwide. Twenty five <I>E. coli </I>isolates with rate 61.2% among human and environments were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents by disk diffusion method. Resistant isolates were screened by molecular methods for resistance genes, <I>TetA, TetB, </I>strepA, <I>MarI</I> and <I>MarII</I>. Molecular result showed that all isolates harbored resistance gene for the <I>TetA, TetB, </I>strepA, MarI,  and  <I>MarII</I> even though the genotypic test showed sensitive to the drugs. <I>E. coli</I> isolates exhibit a wide repertoire of genetic elements to sustain antimicrobial pressure. The results of this study using pheno-genotypic techniques highlight the distribution of <I>E. coli </I>among human, animal, aquatic ecosystems and the potential public health threat of <I>E. coli </I>originating from municipal wastewater sources.
    Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR);Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR);Escherichia coli (E. coli);public health