Ronald E. Hall  , 
    Social Work Practice with Pakistani-American Families: The Implications of Spirituality vis-?-vis Islam,
    Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences,
    Volume 1,Issue 3,
    2003,
    Pages 178-182,
    ISSN 1683-8831,
    pjssci.2003.178.182,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=pjssci.2003.178.182)
    Abstract: In the aftermath of September 11th, 2001 spiritualism has become apparent as critical to Social Work practice with Pakistani families. Regrettably, research on such families today is all-but non-existent. Their belief in Islam is the fastest growing form of spirituality in Central Asia. Social Workers who do not acknowledge this fact will be at a severe disadvantage in their attempts to treat Pakistani-American clientele. It is not compulsory that practitioners endorse client belief systems or other aspects of their spirituality, but practitioners should acknowledge said systems as a critical point in the client`s frame of reference. In the interest of social justice they are thus challenged to develop creative treatment strategies less confined to Western bias.
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