Gil-Jae  Cho, Yu-Na  Jang, Byeong-Yeal  Jung, Suk-Chan  Jung, Sook-Kyung  Lim, Ji-Yong  Hwang, Chul-Song  Park, 
    Characteristics of Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Escherichia Coli</i> Isolated from
Fecal and Semen of Pigs,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 16,Issue 8,
    2017,
    Pages 78-86,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2017.78.86,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2017.78.86)
    Abstract: This study was analyzed and explained about antimicrobial resistance distribution and those
mechanisms for 81 Escherichia <i>E. coli</i> isolates from diseased porcine feces and boar semen. In the study of
41 <i>E. coli</i> isolates from boar semen they showed high resistance to some antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole
(100%), tetracyclin (100%), streptomycin (92.7%), trimethoprim (80.5%). However, they showed high
susceptibilities to others antibiotics such as colistin (97.6%), amikacin (100%), ceftiofur (100%). On the other
hand, 40 <i>E. coli</i> isolates from feces of diseased pigs resisted strongly to various antibiotics such as
sulfamethoxazole (100%), chloramphenicol (100%), tetracyclin (97.5%), ampicillin (97.5%), spectinomycin (95%),
streptomycin (95%), nalidixic acid (95%), kanamycin (92.5%), kanamycin (92.5%), trimethoprim (92.5%),
apramycin (90%), florfenicol (82.5%), enrofloxacin (82.5%) and gentamicin (80%) but they showed high
susceptibilities to some antibiotics such as ceftiofur (90%), amikacin (100%), colistin (100%). <i>E. coli</i> isolates
from diseased porcine feces showed higher antimicrobial resistance with most of antibiotics than <i>E. coli</i> isolated
from boar semen. In this study, 6 types of aminoglycoside resistance genes, between 8 types aminoglycoside
resistance genes are detected from boar semen isolates and diseased porcine feces isolates (n = 42/81, 51.9%).
Those types of genes are detected in diseased porcine feces isolates (95%) 9.5 times higher than boar semen
isolates (9.8%). In this study, even if <i>E. coli</i> isolates from boar semen showed lower antimicrobial resistance
than <i>E. coli</i> isolates from feces of diseased pigs. E.coli isolates from boar semen showed high antimicrobial
resistance with most of antibiotics. In conclusion, the detection rates for antibiotics resistance genes has been
increased internationally for several decades. Therefore, many livestock industries and associates are needed
to start monitoring antimicrobial resistance changes consistently for proper selection of antibiotics and
managing them efficiently.
    Keywords: Aminoglycoside resistance genes;antibiotics;boar semen;Escherichia E. coli;porcine feces;internationally