Bo-Hye  Nam, Ji-Young  Moon, Eun-Hee  Park, Young-Ok  Kim, Dong-Gyun  Kim, Hee Jeong  Kong, Woo-Jin  Kim, Hyungtaek  Jung, Young Ju  Jee, Sang-Jun  Lee, Cheul min  An, 
    Conserved Gene Structure and Function of Interleukin-10 in Teleost Fish,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 13,Issue 12,
    2014,
    Pages 774-782,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2014.774.782,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2014.774.782)
    Abstract: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important immunoregulatory cytokine 
  produced by various types of cells. Researchers describe here the isolation 
  and characterization of olive flounder IL-10 (ofIL-10) cDNA and genomic organization. 
  The <I>ofIL-10</I> gene encodes a 187 amino acid protein and is composed of 
  a five exon/four intron structure, similar to other known <I>IL-10</I> genes. 
  The ofIL-10 promoter sequence analysis shows a high level of homology in putative 
  binding sites for transcription factors which are sufficient for transcriptional 
  regulation ofIL-10. Important structural residues are maintained in the ofIL-10 
  protein including the four cysteines responsible for the two intra-chain disulfide 
  bridges reported for human IL-10 and two extra cysteine residues that exist 
  only in fish species. The phylogenetic analysis clustered ofIL-10 with other 
  fish IL-10s and apart from mammalian IL-10 molecules. Quantitative real-time 
  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated ubiquitous <I>ofIL-10</I> 
  gene expression in the 13 tissues examined. Additionally, the induction of <I>ofIL-10</I> 
  gene expression was observed in the kidney tissue from olive flounder infected 
  with bacteria (<I>Edawardsiella tarda</I>) or virus (Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia 
  Virus; VHSV). These data indicate that IL-10 is an important immune regulator 
  that is conserved strictly genomic organization and function during the evolution 
  of vertebrate immunity.
    Keywords: Interleukin-10;genomic organization;promoter;mRNA expression analysis;Paralichthys olivaceus