Jin  Wenjie, Zheng  Zhiming, Zhang  Yongzhi, Wang  Qianqian, Qin  Aijian, Shao  Hongxia, Qian  Kun, 
    Distribution of Three OXA-Type &#946;-Lactamase Encoded Genes in Avian Pathogenic <I>E. coli </I>Isolated in China,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 12,Issue 8,
    2013,
    Pages 859-862,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2013.859.862,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2013.859.862)
    Abstract: Two hundred and sixteen Avian Pathogenic <I>E. coli</I> (APEC) 
  isolates were used for the determination of drug susceptibility to &#946;-lactam 
  and the detection of &#946;-lactam drug resistance-related genes <I>OXA-1</I>, 
  <I>OXA-5</I>, <I>OXA-31</I> using circular Disk Diffusion Method and PCR. Results 
  showed that drug sensitivity rates among isolates were 190/216, 191/216, 162/216 
  to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ampicillin/sulbactam, respecively. The amplified 
  gene fragments analysis of &#946;-lactam drug resistance-related gene sequence 
  of isolates showed 97%, homology with reference sequences from the GenBank. 
  The OXA-1 and OXA-31 positive rates were only 7.4 and 10.6% but the OXA-5 positive 
  rate was 30.6%. Seventy five strains carried only one kind of resistance genes, 
  twelve strains carried two kinds of resistance genes and two strains carried 
  all the three kinds of resistance genes. The integrated results of resistance 
  gene detection and drug sensitivity test showed that the strains isolated in 
  APEC on the rate of drug resistance testing and three resistance gene detection 
  rate compared to the rate of aminoglycoside resistance and their drug resistance 
  gene and the detection rate is not high but the growing development of bacterial 
  resistance this is the alert source of bacteria in the prevention and treatment 
  of poultry should pay close attention to rational drug use. In this study, the 
  source for the understanding of avian bacteria &#946;-lactam drug resistance 
  mechanisms as well as generate a broader range of further drug resistance genes 
  to provide a reference to epidemiological studies.
    Keywords: OXA-type B-lactamase gene;Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC);distribution;strain;epidemiological studies