Ercument  Aksakal, Saltuk Bugrahan  Ceyhun, Sukru  Beydemir, Orhan  Erdogan, 
    Alterations in Growth Related Genes (<I>GH-I</I>, <I>IGF-I</I> and <I>IGF-II</I>) Expression with Acute Copper Exposure in Rainbow Trout,
    Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances,
    Volume 10,Issue 25,
    2011,
    Pages 3334-3339,
    ISSN 1680-5593,
    javaa.2011.3334.3339,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=javaa.2011.3334.3339)
    Abstract: In this study, the acute effects of copper (CuSO<SUB>4</SUB>.5H<SUB>2</SUB>O) on the expression of Growth Hormone-I (GH-I) and Insulin like Growth Factors I and II (IGF-I and IGF-II) were investigated in rainbow trout (<I>Oncorhynchus mykiss</I>) muscle tissue. For this purpose, rainbow trout were exposed to 100 &#956;g L<SUP>-1</SUP> (Sublethal concentration) copper sulfate in moderately hard freshwater. After 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of treatment, expression of white muscle GH-I, IGF-I and IGF-II mRNAs were measured by means of quantitative real-time PCR. During the exposure experiments, no mortalities occurred. All mRNA levels significantly decreased after copper administration (p&lt;0.05). The results indicate that short term copper exposure suppresses the mRNA expression levels of GH-I, IGF-I and IGF-II in rainbow trout muscles.
    Keywords: Copper;growth hormone;insulin like growth factors;gene expression;multiplex real-time PCR;rainbow trout