TY  - JOUR
T1  - Studies on the Effect of Municipalwaste and Industrial Effluent on the Pollutant Levels of River Challawa, Kaon State, Nigeria
AU - , J.C. Akan AU - , F.I. Abdulrahman AU - , J.T. Ayodele AU - , V.O. Ogugbuaja 
JO  - Research Journal of Applied Sciences
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
SP  - 530
EP  - 535
PY  - 2007
DA  - 2001/08/19
SN  - 1815-932x
DO  - rjasci.2007.530.535
UR  - https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=rjasci.2007.530.535
KW  - Effect
KW  -municipal waste
KW  -industrial effluent
KW  -River Challawa
KW  -Kaon
AB  - Levels of Copper (Cu), Cobalt (Co), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr), as well as pH, redox potential (Eh), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), temperature, nitrate, sulphate and phosphate were determined in River Challawa, Kaon State, Nigeria. These parameters were simultaneously  monitored. Physio-chemical examination revealed that the levels of pH (6.81&plusmn;0.10 and 10.23&plusmn;0.32 mg L <SUP>1</SUP>), Eh (-46.3±1.34 to -87.2±1.54m/v), TDS (40.3±3.24 to 70.1±8.40 mg L <SUP>1</SUP>), temperature (8.2±0.14 to 12.8±0.24 °C), sulphate (22.6±0.21 to 43.5±0.31 mg L <SUP>1</SUP>) and nitrate (1.11±0.02 to 4.04±0.03 mg L <SUP>1</SUP>) were below the maximum permissible limits set by WHO and FEPA for drinking water and aquatic ecosystem. Concentration of heavy metals; Cu, Co, Zn, Fe, Pb, Mn and Cr were significantly above the maximum allowable levels set by United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and WHO levels for drinking water and for protection of aquatic ecosystem. The levels of DO and phosphate in the water samples exceeded the Nigeria Federal Environmental Protection Agency (NFEPA) tolerance limits for drinking water and water meant for domestic uses. This may have deleterious effect on aquatic ecosystem and the health of the rural dweller that use the river water directly for domestic purposes without treatment.
ER  -