@article{MAKHILLRJMS202519331709,
    title = {Comparison of Nalbuphine with 0.125% Bupivacaine and Plain 0.125% Bupivacaine in Thoracic Epidural for Post Operative Analgesia in Upper Abdominal Surgery: A Retrospective Study},
    journal = {Research Journal of Medical Sciences},
    volume = {19},
    number = {3},
    pages = {115-120},
    year = {2025},
    issn = {1815-9346},
    doi = {makrjms.2025.3.115.120},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1815-9346&doi=makrjms.2025.3.115.120},
    author = {M. and},
    keywords = {Bupivacaine, epidural post operative analgesia},
    abstract = {<p style="text-align:justify">Acute uncontrolled post‐operative pain and the pathophysiological response to surgery by stimulation of autonomic nervous system leads to stress responses causing significant adverse effects and complications to multi organ systems. In this study, we attempted to define the hemodynamic, analgesic profile and efficacy of Nalbuphine as an additive to Bupivacaine in thoracic epidural for postoperative analgesia in upper abdominal surgeries. The term extra dural, peridural and epidural are synonymous, with a greek and latin origin. The study was conducted at mookambika medical college between 2023‐2024. After obtaining Ethical Committee approval, 50 ASA I‐II patients undergoing infraumblical surgeries were randomly allotted into two groups. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Different statistical methods were used as appropriate. This study is a prospective, randomised double blind controlled comparative study done to assess the hemodynamic, analgesic profile and efficacy of Nalbuphine as an adjuvant in providing postoperative analgesia in thoracic epidural for upper abdominal surgeries. The discovery of opioid receptors in brain and spinal cord, action of narcotics through opioid receptor have become an eye opener in achieving satisfactory postoperative analgesia with narcotic administration in regional techniques. The study concludes that epidural nalbuphine in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg with 0.125% bupivacaine, provides faster onset and longer duration of analgesia with better quality and patient satisfaction.</p>
}
    }