@article{MAKHILLJAVA20212014649,
    title = {Conventional and Molecular Tests of Lumpy Skin Disease},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {20},
    number = {1},
    pages = {15-31},
    year = {2021},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2021.15.31},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2021.15.31},
    author = {Lama},
    keywords = {Capripoxvirus,diagnosis,isolation,LSD,PCR,serological tests},
    abstract = {Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) is a highly
infectious disease of cattle caused by a virus belonging to
the genus <i>Capripoxvirus</i> of the family Poxviridae.
Members of the <i>Capripoxvirus</i> genus are closely related,
with genomic identities ranging from 96% between viral
species to 99% between isolates of the same species. This
study reviews the development and application of
available LSD diagnostic methods. These are categorized
into several groups and often based on characteristic
clinical signs and laboratory diagnosis. Laboratory
diagnosis comprises either identification of the virus using
electron microscopy, egg inoculation, isolation in cell
cultures, fluorescent antibody test or detection of its
specific antibody using serological tests. Several
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays have been
developed recently for more accurate and rapid detection
of Lumpy skin disease virus in suitable specimens. In
most reference laboratories the basic tests for LSD virus
diagnosis comprise molecular methods for generic
detection of a <i>Capripoxvirus</i>. But these methods do not
differentiate between LSD virus, sheep pox virus and goat
pox virus. The conventional PCR method is not as fast as
real-time PCR for <i>Capripoxvirus</i> but it is reliable and
sensitive. Recent advances in diagnostic technology have
dramatically altered laboratory testing of LSD virus and
the effort to develop efficient and reliable LSD virus
detection methods continues now a days. The availability
of a cost-effective diagnostic tool for routine
determination of <i>Capripoxvirus</i> genotype will assist to
clarify the epidemiological picture in the affected regions
and effective control of this disease needs sensitive,
specific and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control
strategy.}
    }