@article{MAKHILLJAVA201110182966,
    title = {Effect of Dietary Humate and Organic Acid Supplementation on Social Stress Induced by High Stocking Density in Laying Hens},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {10},
    number = {18},
    pages = {2402-2407},
    year = {2011},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2011.2402.2407},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2011.2402.2407},
    author = {Nazmi,Berrin Kocaoglu and},
    keywords = {social stress,laying hen,lymphocyte,organic acid,Humate,Turkey},
    abstract = {This study was conducted to determine the anti-stress effect of the dietary humate and organic acid supplementation on laying hens when subjected to high stocking density as a social stress factor. A total of hundred, 40 weeks, brown laying hens were housed at two different stocking densities of 287.7 (high density) and 500 (low density) cm<SUP>2</SUP>/hen. For the control group, 16 hens were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 4 replicates of 4 birds each and were kept in low density. The control group received a basal diet. The remaining 84 hens were divided into 3 treatment groups, 4 replicates of 7 birds each and were housed at high density. The treatment group were fed either a basal diet (crowded control) or the basal diet supplemented with either 0.15 humate (Humate group) or 0.20 % organic acid (organic acid group) of diet for 60 days. The results show that in hens kept in high density heterophils and Heterophil to Lymphocyte (H:L) ratios, an indicator of stress were raised while lymphocytes decreased. Humate supplementation resulted in significant increases in the lymphocyte counts and significant decreases in the heterophil counts and H:L ratios compared with those of the crowded control. The heterophils, lymphocytes and H:L ratio were not influenced by organic acid treatment. The present results suggest that humate supplementation to diet may be a favorable alternative for help poultry to cope with social stresses.}
    }