@article{MAKHILLJAVA20098101800,
    title = {Effects of Non Forage Fiber Sources in Total Mixed Ration on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Chewing Behavior and Ruminal Fermentation in Beef Cattle},
    journal = {Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances},
    volume = {8},
    number = {10},
    pages = {2038-2044},
    year = {2009},
    issn = {1680-5593},
    doi = {javaa.2009.2038.2044},
    url = {https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?issn=1680-5593&doi=javaa.2009.2038.2044},
    author = {S. and},
    keywords = {Non forage fiber sources,total mixed ration,digestibility,chewing behavior,feed intake},
    abstract = {The objective of this study was to determine the effect of non forage fiber sources in a total mixed ration on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, chewing behavior and ruminal fermentation. Five Brahman-Thai native crossbred steers with an average initial body weight of 188±16.56 kg were randomly assigned in a 5x5 Latin square design. During each of five 21 days periods, the animals were fed 5 total mixed rations that varied in the non forage fiber sources, rice straw as fiber sources (rt-TMR, control), tomato pomace as fiber source (tp-TMR), palm meal as fiber source (pm-TMR), dried brewer gain as fiber source (db-TMR), soybean hulls as fiber source (sh-TMR). The results showed that feed intake, crude protein digestibility, chewing time, total number of chew and ruminal fermentation were significantly different among treatments (p<0.05). The palm meal as a fiber source in the total mixed ration has negative effect on feed intake and chewing behavior, although enhanced by 5% of long hey fiber. However, tomato pomace, dried brewer gain and soybean hulls can be used as fiber sources in TMRs, when enhanced with 5% of long hey fiber.}
    }