MAK Hill Publications upholds the authors' copyright for all published articles. The articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), an open-access license allowing anyone to read and download the paper for free. The license also permits the reuse and citation of the article, provided that the original published version is appropriately cited. These terms ensure that the work is widely accessible and that the authors receive proper recognition for their contribution.

The Exception to the Copyright Policy

Under certain conditions, articles published in the MAK Hill Publications may be subject to a different licensing agreement. If you have specific requirements, such as those linked to funding, that prevent you from complying with the Creative Commons Attribution License, or if you need to publish jointly with other publishers, please inform the journal's editorial office during the submission process. The publisher may consider exceptions on a case-by-case basis.

Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers

To ensure that published material is properly cited and used, authors must obtain permission to reproduce any figures, schemes, tables, or text extracts not in the public domain or for which they do not hold the copyright. The copyright holder, typically the publisher, should be contacted for permission. The copyright holder can be identified by referring to the imprint of the individual publications. Obtaining permission is necessary to avoid copyright infringement and to ensure that all relevant sources are appropriately cited.

The following actions require permission:

1. Reproduction of your work by other publishers if you did not retain the copyright.
2. Use significant portions of someone else's work, either from a single work or multiple works in a series.
3. Utilize tables, graphs, charts, schemes, and artworks that are unaltered or slightly modified.
4. Use of photographs for which you do not hold the copyright.

There is NO need to obtain permission for the following:

1. If you reconstruct a table using data that has already been published elsewhere, you must cite the source as "Data from..." or "Adapted from..." However, you do not need to obtain permission in this case.
2. Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and do not require permission.
3. Permission is not required if the authors completely redraw graphs, charts, schemes, or artworks and significantly change them beyond recognition.

Obtaining Permission
To ensure a smooth publication process, it is recommended that authors begin obtaining permission as soon as possible. If there is any uncertainty regarding copyright, authors should apply for permission. The MAK Hill Publications cannot publish material from other publications without permission.

The copyright holder may provide instructions on the preferred form of acknowledgment. If no instructions are provided, authors should follow the style below:

"Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year]." This statement should be placed at the end of the caption of the table, figure, or

Acknowledgment:

"This policy is adapted from a template provided by the Asian Council of Science Editors. We appreciate their guidance in creating a robust and comprehensive policy."

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.