R.R.  Yurong, P.J.  Geraldino, 
    Molecular Characterization, Phylogeny and Flavonoid Secretions of Fungal Endophytes
Isolated from Species of Tree Fern, <i>Cyathea contaminans</i> (Hook) Copel from the Philippines,
    Botany Research Journal,
    Volume 12,Issue 3,
    2019,
    Pages 37-41,
    ISSN 1995-4751,
    brj.2019.37.41,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=brj.2019.37.41)
    Abstract: This study was conducted to identify and
describe the phylogenetic positions of the species of
fungal endophytes isolated from <i>Cyathea contaminans</i> (Hook) Copel using the molecular character, the
ITS1-5.8sRNA-ITS2 gene sequence. A total of nine
species were identified by comparing the isolates gene
sequence with the sequences from the genbank.The
phylogeny of the species was also described using the
Maximum Parsimony Tree (MP). Moreover, the
fungal extracts were also subjected to Shinoda&#146;s Test
and UV-Vis spectrophotometry to determine their
flavonoid secretions. The species identified include the:
<i>Aspergillus sydowii</i>, <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>,
<i>Fusarium kyushuense</i>, <i>Fusarium pseudensiforme</i>,
<i>Fusarium solani</i>, <i>Nigrospora sphaerica</i>, <i>Nectria
hematococca</i>, <i>Penicillium citrinum</i> and <i>Penicillium
griseofulvum</i>. The MP tree revealed the clustering of three
species belonging to <i>Fusarium solani</i> species complex (<i>N.
hematococca</i>, <i>F. pseudensiforme</i> and <i>F. solani</i>) and with
<i>Fusarium kyushuense</i> they are held under order
Hypocreales Another group the <i>A.sydowii</i>, <i>P. citrinum</i> and <i>P. griseofulvum</i> represented the order Eurotiales. <i>N.
sphaerica</i> under order Trichosphaeriales was
positioned basal to the Hypocreales and <i>C.
gloeosporiodes</i> under Phyllachoralles was basal to
Eurotiales. Phytochemical analysis revealed that all the
endophytic fungal isolates except <i>A. sydowii</i> produced
flavonoids. There were five flavonoid types secreted by
the isolates namely: Band B flavones and flavonols, Band
A flavones, Band A flavonols, Band A flavanones and
Band B flavanones. All isolates produced the flavonoids
with N. sphaerica positive to all the five types and A.
sydowii negative to all. Here, the endophytic fungal
isolates from <i>C. contaminans</i> can be identified to species
level by the ITS1-srRNA-ITS2 gene sequence and are
good prospects for bioprospecting.
    Keywords: Endophytes;eurotiales;flavonoids;hypocreales;cyathea