Roger Lee  Mendoza, 
    Multiple Sclerosis: Is Clinical Efficacy Sidetracked by Health Economics?,
    Journal of Economics Theory,
    Volume 6,Issue 3,
    2012,
    Pages 91-98,
    ISSN 1994-8212,
    jeth.2012.91.98,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jeth.2012.91.98)
    Abstract: This study investigates the claim that clinical efficacy of 
  drugs and related interventions for Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are side tracked 
  by financial cost and economic efficiency considerations. In addressing this 
  central question and its practical implications, the study reviewed relevant 
  pharmacoeconomic studies generated from online medical/scientific databases 
  with attention devoted to the literature on discontinued/failed clinical trials. 
  A survey of these trials was also conducted using registries from the National 
  Institutes of Health (NIH) and National Multiple Sclerosis Society in the United 
  States. Survey results were tabulated and analyzed. The study sustains the validity 
  of the initial claim concerning financial and economic considerations only to 
  the extent that theoretical debates have extended and departed from the traditional 
  scope and objectives of clinical efficacy. However, the same claim should be 
  substantively qualified where it concerns actual applications and impact of 
  cost and efficiency studies on discontinuing (or initiating) clinical testing 
  and efficacy data collection for MS. The study suggests that expanded notions 
  of clinical efficacy do not necessarily affect decisions to initiate or discontinue 
  clinical trials for MS drugs but could help broaden or enhance our understanding 
  of disease management options for MS sufferers.
    Keywords: Clinical trial;disease management;efficiency;financial cost;intervention;medical/scientific;pharmacoeconomic;risk;transaction cost