J. Alami  , A. El Imrani  , 
    Using Cultural Algorithm for the Fixed-Spectrum Frequency Assignment Problem,
    Journal of Mobile Communication,
    Volume 2,Issue 1,
    2008,
    Pages 1-9,
    ISSN 1990-794x,
    jmcomm.2008.1.9,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=jmcomm.2008.1.9)
    Abstract: In this study the problem of the fixed-spectrum frequency assignment problem, where the objective is to minimize the cost due to the interference arising in a solution, is studied and solved using a cultural algorithm  which is refined  by a deterministic local search heuristic. Computational results, obtained for 8 well-known benchmarks problem, confirm the effectiveness of cultural algorithm.
    Keywords: Cultural algorithms;evolutionary programming;frequency assignment problem;interference minimisation