Siti  Noor Hajjar Md. Latip, Mohd  Fahmi Keni, Rosawanis  Rosli, 
    Antifeedant Activities of Neem Seed Extracts for Controlling
Golden Apple Snail, <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i>,
    The Social Sciences,
    Volume 12,Issue 2,
    2017,
    Pages 294-298,
    ISSN 1818-5800,
    sscience.2017.294.298,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=sscience.2017.294.298)
    Abstract: The golden apple snail, <I>Pomacea canaliculata</I> is an invasive alien species that seriously affects rice
cultivation in many Asian countries. Due to the toxic hazards of the synthetic insecticides, biological control
through botanical pesticides is the best alternative for reducing the golden apple snail damage in paddy fields.
Neem or also known as <I>Azadiractha indica</I> was proven to have the molluscicidal potential for controlling
golden apple snails. The purposes of this study were to quantify the Azadirachtin content and antifeedants
activity of different neem extract for controlling golden apple snail. Azadirachtin content was quantified
using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Antifeedant test was conducted with five different concentration of neem
seed extract. Methanol extraction with fresh neem seed showed high antifeedant activities compared with other
treatments with 81% Feeding Deterrent Index (FDI). Azadirachtin contents in the neem seed extract showed
range from 53.36-54.08 ppm for methanol extraction and 52.95-53.97 ppm for water extraction. Based on the
finding, the neem seed has the potential to be formulated as biopesticide for management of golden apple snail
in the field.
    Keywords: Biopesticide;azadirachtin content;golden apple snail;neem seed extract;antifeedant activity