Lytkin Vladimir Vladimirovich, Russian Cosmism as the Origin of “Space Anthropology”, The Social Sciences, Volume 11,Issue 27, 2016, Pages 6649-6655, ISSN 1818-5800, sscience.2016.6649.6655, (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=sscience.2016.6649.6655) Abstract: The study analyzes the problems of formation of Russian cosmism anthropological ideal. The representatives of Russian cosmism consider the anthropological evolution of humanity as an ascension towards the moral, spiritual, intellectual and physical perfection. For example, the views of K. E. Tsiolkovsky analyzed the views of some scientists about the atom of an ether, as a philosophical and ideological Foundation, to achieve and being committed to the existence of personality in the universe. In the framework of Russian cosmism is grounded a new scientific philosophical-anthropological direction “space anthropology”, studies the possible ways of evolution of mind in the universe. Keywords: Cosmism;space philosophy;anthropology of space;Tsiolkovsky;the atom of ether