Rainier  Dennis, Ingrid  Dennis, David  Hamman, Leon Van  Rensburg, 
    Cattle Consumption Model for the Wonderfonteinspruit Related to Human Health Risk,
    Agricultural Journal,
    Volume 8,Issue 3,
    2013,
    Pages 144-151,
    ISSN 1816-9155,
    aj.2013.144.151,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=aj.2013.144.151)
    Abstract: Polluted cattle feed not only impacts on animal health but 
  also on the health of humans. The aim of this study is therefore, to develop 
  a cattle consumption model based on a control and experimental group. Animal 
  tissue analysed for both groups were samples from cattle, 6 years of age. The 
  experimental group had been exposed to elevated levels of pollutants emanating 
  from the gold mining industry in South Africa. The cattle consumption model 
  takes into account the intake of soil, grass and water by the animal. A human 
  health risk assessment (toxic and carcinogenic) was performed based on the results 
  of the cattle consumption model. It was shown that no toxic risk exits for both 
  the control and experimental groups if an intake rate of 0.13 kg of meat per 
  day is assumed. For the same consumption rate, only muscle consumption in the 
  control group yielded an acceptable carcinogenic risk of the occurrence of one 
  person getting cancer out of a million.
    Keywords: Wonderfonteinspruit;cattle consumption model;health risk assessment;cancer;South Africa