Ria  Millati, Rachma  Wikandari, Elisabeth Titik  Trihandayani, Muhammad Nur  Cahyanto, Mohammad J.  Taherzadeh, Claes  Niklasson, 
    Ethanol from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch via Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis and Fermentation by <I>Mucor indicus</I> and <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>,
    Agricultural Journal,
    Volume 6,Issue 2,
    2011,
    Pages 54-59,
    ISSN 1816-9155,
    aj.2011.54.59,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=aj.2011.54.59)
    Abstract: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) was hydrolyzed in a one-stage hydrolysis using dilute-sulfuric acid (0.2, 0.8%) at 170-230&deg;C with a holding time of 5 and 15 min. The maximum yield of xylose was 135.94 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> OPEFB, obtained at 0.8% acid, 190&deg;C and 5 min. The maximum yield of glucose was 62.70 g kg<SUP>-1</SUP> OPEFB, obtained at 0.8% acid, 210&deg;C and 5 min. Based on these results, two-stage hydrolysis was performed to produce hydrolyzates for the fermentation process. Hydrolyzate from the first stage was fermented by <I>Mucor indicus</I> while the hydrolyzate from the second stage was fermented by <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>. The corresponding ethanol yields were 0.45 and 0.46 g ethanol g<SUP>-1</SUP> sugar consumed.
    Keywords: Oil palm empty fruit bunch;acid hydrolysis;ethanol;Saccharomyces cerevisiae;Mucor indicus