C.I.O.  Kamalu, E.C.  Osoka, 
    Determination of the Rate of Calcination During Cement Production,
    Agricultural Journal,
    Volume 5,Issue 3,
    2010,
    Pages 186-189,
    ISSN 1816-9155,
    aj.2010.186.189,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=aj.2010.186.189)
    Abstract: Rate data were collected for calcinations during cement production for 4 years at the same time intervals. The amount of CaCO<SUB>3</SUB> consumed in tons was plotted against time in minutes. The plots gave good numerical fit (R<SUP>2</SUP>&gt;0.99) for all the model equations studied but the parameter estimates for K, C<SUB>AO </SUB>and n varied widely (&gt;5%) for all rate equations except the rate equation for zero order reaction which has an average rate constant of 1.41275 tons min<SUP>-1</SUP> and an average percentage deviation of 3%. Calcination is a zero order reaction based on the equation, C<SUB>AO</SUB>-C<SUB>A</SUB> = Kt with an average reaction rate constant of 1.41275 tons min<SUP>-1</SUP>. This rate model will serve as a basis for the design of rotary kiln for calcinations processes. The model equation obtained from this research may also be used to simulate and optimize processes for cement production.
    Keywords: Calcination;cement;rate;decomposition;limestone;clinker;calcium carbonate