Michael B.J.  Beadsworth, Nick J.  Beeching, Alastair  Watson, Paul Paul  Roberts, Brian  Farragher, Alex J.  Keeley, 
    <I>Clostridium difficile</I> Toxin in Adult Inpatients in an Urban Hospital 
  in Malawi: Associations with HIV Status, CD4 Count and Diarrhoea,
    International Journal of Tropical Medicine,
    Volume 9,Issue 1,
    2014,
    Pages 7-9,
    ISSN 1816-3319,
    ijtmed.2014.7.9,
    (https://makhillpublications.co/view-article.php?doi=ijtmed.2014.7.9)
    Abstract: <I>Clostridium difficile</I> Infection (CDI) is the 
  cause of substantial morbidity and mortality in the developed world. However, 
  very little is known about the burden of CDI in sub-Saharan Africa where less 
  antibiotic restriction, high HIV prevalence and greater impact from nosocomial 
  infection mean the potential for a significant disease burden is great. Researchers 
  investigated the prevalence of <I>Clostridium difficile</I> Toxin (CDT), assessing 
  association with HIV, CD4 count and diarrhoea in medical in-patients in Malawi. 
  In 206 patients tested for CDT, 28 (13.6%) were positive. No significant associations 
  were seen with either diarrhoea or HIV. There was a non-statistically significant 
  (p = 0.056) association between CD4 counts of &lt;50 and CDT. The frequency 
  and the clinical implications of CDI in both HIV positive and negative patients 
  in sub-Saharan Africa, requires further assessment.
    Keywords: sub-Saharan Africa;Clostridum difficile;HIV;diarrhoea;CDI